When One Takes A Look At The World In Which He Currently Essays

At the point when one investigates the world where he at present lives, he considers it to be being ordinary since it is so delayed in evolving. At the point when a student of history takes a gander at the present, he sees the impacts of numerous occasions and numerous astute individuals. Benjamin Franklin is one of these individuals. His cooperation in such a large number of various fields changed the world hugely. He was a prominent government official just as regarded researcher. He was a significant innovator and researcher. Especially intriguing is the effect on the logical world. Benjamin Franklin was an unassuming man who had numerous occupations in his lifetime. This may help clarify his huge exhibit of innovations and new strategies for maintaining different sources of income. He did everything from making cabbage-developing increasingly productive to settling on political choices to being the principal individual to study and outline the Gulf Stream development in the Atlantic Ocean. Franklin was conceived in Boston, Massachusetts, on January 17, 1706. He was the fifteenth kid in a group of seventeen children. His guardians, Josiah and Abiah Franklin, were dedicated ardent Puritan/Calvinist individuals. Josiah Franklin made candles professionally. Since the Franklins were so poor, little Benjamin couldn't bear to go to class for longer than two years. In those two years, notwithstanding, Franklin figured out how to peruse which made the way for additional training for him. Since he was just a reasonable essayist and had poor scientific abilities, he attempted to mentor himself at home. Benjamin Franklin was a decided youngster. As a kid, he instructed himself to be an awesome author. He likewise learned essential polynomial math and geometry, route, language structure, rationale, and regular and physical science. He incompletely aced French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Latin. He was destined to be named the best instructed man in the nation. At the point when he was 12-years of age, he was student to his sibling in printing. Benjamin's sibling established the subsequent paper in America. Numerous individuals disclosed to him that one paper was sufficient for America and that the paper would before long breakdown. Despite what might be expected, it turned out to be extremely famous. Every so often, youthful Benjamin would compose an article to be printed and slip it under the printing room's entryway marked as Unknown. Coming up next is an immediate statement from Franklin's Autobiography. It depicts his composing the articles as a kid. He (Benjamin's more established sibling) had some sharp men among his companions, who amus'd themselves by composing little pieces for this paper, which gain'd it credit and made it more sought after, and these men of honor frequently visited us. Hearing their discussions, and their records of the support their papers were gotten with, I was eager to attempt my hand among them; be that as it may, being as yet a kid, and suspecting that my sibling would question printing anything of mine in his paper on the off chance that he realized that it generally will be mine, I imagined to camouflage my hand, and, composing an unknown paper, I put it in around evening time under the entryway of the printing-house. It was found toward the beginning of the day, and conveyed to his composing companions when they call'd in obviously. They understand it, remarked on it in my hearing, and I had the choice joy of discovering it met with their approval, and that, in their various estimates at the creator, none were named yet men of a few character among us for learning and creativity. I guess n! ow that I was fairly fortunate in my appointed authorities, and that maybe they were not so much so awesome ones as I at that point esteem'd them. Benjamin enjoyed the printer's activity yet couldn't stand being told what to do constantly. He frantically wanted to be his own chief. That day would come. In 1730, Franklin wedded Deborah Read, who was the little girl of the principal Philadelphia landowner. Peruse was most certainly not almost so accomplished as her better half. In old letters that she had kept in touch with him, there are numerous incorrect spellings and ill-advised accentuation marks. They were an upbeat couple regardless of their disparities. They in the end had two young men and one young lady. One of the young men, William, became legislative head of New Jersey. At the point when Franklin was 21-years of age, he started his vocation as a urban pioneer by arranging a club of yearning tradesmen called the Junto, which met every week for conversation and arranging. They wanted to construct their own organizations, guarantee the development of Philadelphia, and improve an amazing nature. Franklin drove the University of Junto in establishing a library in 1731, the primary ever American fire organization in 1736, an educated society in 1743, a school (the University of Pennsylvania) in 1749, and a protection

The Relation of Heat to Kinetic Theory of Matter Essay

The Relation of Heat to Kinetic Theory of Matter - Essay Example It implies that development of particles or iotas turns out to be more when there is more warmth. Particles or iotas have vitality safeguarded in them. They have potential vitality just as active vitality and these energies together structure warm vitality. Warm vitality moves from an article having high temperature to an item having low temperature and with this development (Maxwell, 1871), the development of particles or iotas additionally gets quicker. The item having high temperature will have quick moving particles or iotas. Along these lines, it is very certain that the investigation of warmth is identified with the motor hypothesis of issue. 2. What is temperature? Warmth is a procedure where, warm vitality shifts from an object of high temperature to an object of low temperature. Warmth isn't pre-situated in issue. It is made and can be seen as moving of warm vitality between objects dependent on temperature distinction between the items. There can be numerous instances of wa rmth. At the point when we contact a hot surface, the warm vitality shifts from the hot surface to our hand because of which, we feel heat as there is a temperature distinction between the hot surface and our hand, which on contacting shifts. Along these lines, we can say that the temperature is the proportion of warmth vitality. With the assistance of a temperature scale we can gauge the level of hotness or briskness of the encompassing air or any article. 3. What is the connection among warmth and temperature? While heat is a type of vitality that can be changed over to some other structure, temperature is just an impact brought about by the warmth. Be that as it may, both the amounts warmth and temperature are legitimately corresponding to one another. On the off chance that one amount rises the other likewise fluctuates straightforwardly, on the off chance that one brings down the other amount brings down as well. The more the measure of warmth the more will be motor vitality of atoms while temperature is the proportion of the level of movement of particles in a framework. 4. What are the different properties of a substance that decide its warmth limit? The most significant factor that decides the warmth limit of a substance is the vitality condition of the particles of the substance that is the immediate proportion of the warmth limit of a substance. The distinction of the warmth limits of the two substances is because of the distinction in the sub-atomic vitality condition of the two substances (Hagg, 2011). Different elements that decide the warmth limit of the material are the weight, creation of the substance and the temperature. Weight makes the particles to be near one another that make the atoms to crash in an all the more tediously that expansion the normal dynamic vitality of the atoms and changes the vitality condition of the material. Under tension the three condition of the issue carry on in an unexpected way (Belzer, 2011). Gasses are most im pacts by the weight and temperature while solids gave little effect when they are feeling the squeeze as the particles are close enough in the solids. As the temperature of the substance is raised the bond between the atoms debilitates and the issue changes its state, as solids when warmed to a specific temperature melts to a fluid structure and fluids change to vaporous structure when warmed to a specific temperature. Sythesis of the material can change its warmth limit by adjusting the vitality conditions of the material. 5. What are the var

2010 Application Information Post #5 Test Score Submission COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

2010 Application Information Post #5 Test Score Submission COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The last major change that is being made to the application process for the 2010 cycle is that the Admissions Committee will allow for the submission of unofficial test scores for application review.   Similar to the policy of accepting unofficial copies of transcripts for admission review, if an applicant is offered admission official copies of test reports will then need to be submitted to confirm enrollment.   Specific dates by which official test scores need to be submitted will be communicated after admission offers are made. This requirement includes the submission of the following tests:   GRE, GMAT, TOEFL, or IELTS.   SIPA will not accept LSAT scores in lieu of the GRE or GMAT. In the past we required that a waiver form be filled out to submit the GMAT in lieu of the GRE.   Starting this year the waiver form is no longer required â€" we will accept either the GRE or the GMAT. Applicants will have the ability to update scores achieved on the application Web site up to the deadline date.   Applicants should not wait until a test has been taken to submit the application.   The priority should be to submit the admission application as soon as possible.   It is not important that all admission documents be submitted at the same time. For example, let’s say an applicant has all of the required documents ready, including a test score, on December 2nd and the official submission deadline is January 5th.   The applicant has another test scheduled for December 10th.   It is fine for the applicant to submit the application package via our application Web site and then later return to add additional test scores.   We will allow for test scores to be updated until the deadline, we will not allow for other documents once they have been submitted to be updated. Once again we are hopeful that by allowing applicants to submit scores via the application Web site that we will be able to expedite the admission review process.   In previous years one of the great complications has been the receipt of official test scores by the deadline and we are pleased to offer a solution that should better serve both applicants and the Admissions Committee.

Various Methods of Statuatory Interpretation Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1948 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Review Did you like this example? 1.0 Introduction This issue inquiry requires a dialog encompassing the range of statutory translation. To attain consistency, judges and lawful powers have endeavored to create controlling standards of elucidation. Statute law, dissimilar to case law, gives controls as a solitary verbal equation. The expressions of a statute have a special power which words in judgments essentially never have. Statutory understanding means surveying administrative aim focused around the coupling standards, on standards and on assumptions regarding what Parliament had as a primary concern and on etymological development. No contention must be neglected when hunting down all the pertinent interpretative variables. 2.1 Statutory Interpretation Statutory interpretation is the procedure by which courts translate and apply enactment. Some measure of elucidation is regularly essential when a case includes a statute. In some cases the expressions of a statute have a plain and dir ect importance. Statutes, be that as it may, in spite of the fact that they make the law, may be interested in elucidation and have ambiguities. In interpreting statutes, the courts channeled by Interpretation Acts, Extrinsic materials, Common Law of rules interpretation and precedent. 2.2 Interpretation Acts Statutes, be that as it may, in spite of the fact that they make the law, may be interested in elucidation and have ambiguities. Statutory elucidation is the methodology of determining those ambiguities and choosing how a specific bill or law will apply in a specific case. 2.3 Extrinsic Materials Material that does not structure piece of an Act however which may help in the elucidation of that Act. While at normal law it was not admissible to have response to such materials, for the reasons of statutory elucidation (Commissioner for Prices and Consumer Affairs (SA) v Charles Moore (Aust) Ltd (1977) 139 CLR 449 ; 14 ALR 485 ), thought might now be given to such mater ials to affirm the normal significance of an expression or state or where there is vagueness: for example (CTH) Acts Interpretation Act 1901 s 15AB; (NSW) Interpretation Act 1987 s 34(1). 2.3.1 Parliamentary debates Courts every now and again make arrangement of move to parliamentary material like common contentions in Constituent Assembly, addresses of the movers of the Bill, Reports of Committees or Commission, Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Bill, et cetera. As indicated by standard English view, these parliamentary material or Hansard were illegal as external aides, on the reason of exclusionary standard. This exclusionary standard was progressively surrendered in conclusion in Pepper v Hart, (1993) 1 ALLER 42 (HL), it was held that parliamentary material or Hansard may be reasonable as an outside backing for interpretation of a statute, subject to parliamentary profit, under taking after circumstances. 2.3.2 Headings, margin notes and end notes of the legislati on The headings of the Parts, divisions and subdivisions into which a written law is divided form part of the written law. A minimal note or reference to a composed law and, in a connection where there is no negligible note as for the pertinent procurement and despite subsection (1), a heading to a section, regulation, rule, local law, by-law, or clause of a written law, or to a portion of a section, regulation, rule, local law, by-law or clause of a written law, shall be taken not to be part of the written law. 2.3.3 Report of Royal Commission, Law Perform Commission A Law Reform Commission is an association with a concentrate on the efficient advancement, survey and change of the law in a specific purview. Every Australian state and region and the Commonwealth have related law change organizations. As an aftereffect of Commission request and undertakings, distributions are delivered including foundation papers, issues papers, meeting papers and last reports. 2.4 Common Law 2.4.1 Literal Rule The literal rule is a sort of statutory development which manages that statutes are to be translated utilizing the customary significance of the dialect of the statute unless a statute unequivocally characterizes some of its terms overall. Lord Diplock once noted that where the importance of the statutory words is plain and unambiguous it is not then for the judges to concoct fancied ambiguities as a reason for neglecting to offer impact to its plain significance in light of the fact that they consider the outcomes for doing so would be inexpedient, or even low or improper. 2.4.1.1 Malaysian Case Literal rule in statutory interpretation is just utilize the standard expressions of English dialect. Sussex characterized exacting run as the statement best clarify the expectation of the lawgiver. Notwithstanding, the imperfections of the strict standard might be seen in Public Prosecutor v Chin Kim Foo, copyright in certain sound recordings were initia lly distributed in Malaysia on 14th of July, 1988 and on the 18th of July, 1988. Encroachment of such copyright happened on 19th of September, 1988. It was the litigantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s discord that copyright just subsisted from 1st of January, 1989 that is the start of the logbook year after the year in which the sound recordings were initially distributed. 2.4.1.2 UK Case The same silliness represent in Fisher v Bell that the businessperson was charged under the Offensive Weapons Act 1959 on the grounds that they depicted flick cuts before the shop. The court held that the shop is not blameworthy on the grounds that is an one-sided offer-welcome to treat rather than offer to offer in the connection of Contract Law. However in R v Judge of the City of London, Lord Esher held that regardless of how vague the result may be, he would in any case use exacting guideline. In Gray v Pearson held that the statement utilized is given by strict importance. Salmond expressed that stri ct translation ought to be acknowledged and connected when in doubt yet must be extremely cautious to forestall uncertainty, preposterousness and conflict. 2.4.1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages The literal rule has both preferences and weaknesses. Naturally it regards parliamentary amazingness and the right of Parliament to make any laws it may wish regardless of how ludicrous they may appear. It likewise supports exactness in drafting and guarantees that any individual who can read English can focus the law, which pushes assurance and diminishes suit. A few burdens, on the other hand, can additionally be recognized. Judges have had a tendency to over-underline the strict importance of statutory procurements without giving due weight to their significance in a more extensive connection. At long last, it disregards the impediments of dialect. 2.4.2 Golden Rule This principle is an adjustment of the exacting standard. It states that if the strict tenet creates a foolishness , then the court ought to search for an alternate significance of the words to stay away from that silly come about. The standard was nearly characterized by Lord Wensleydale in Gray v Pearson (1857) HL Cas 61, who said that the linguistic and conventional feeling of the words is to be stuck to unless that would prompt some silliness or some repulsiveness or conflict with whatever is left of the instrument in which case the syntactic and customary feeling of the words may be changed to keep away from the preposterousness and conflict, yet no more distant. 2.4.2.1 Malaysian Case The golden rule is a modification of literal approach. Kesultanan Pahang v Sathask Realty, an inquiry raise whether the Sultan of Pahang had the ability to rent Sultanate area to a corporate body. The expression individual is constrained to mean regular individual or can incorporate fake person. The Federal court upset the judgment and held that Section 6(1) of the Sultanate Land Enactment 1919 man can incorporate characteristic individual and simulated individual. 2.4.2.2 UK Case Ruler Brougham expressed that the development of an Act must be taken from the exposed expression of it. We cant fish out what perhaps may have been the expectation of the enactment. In Gray v Pearson, the court held that the syntactic and common feeling of the words may be changed to keep away from craziness. In Mattison v Hart, the words utilized normal importance unless ludicrousness. The words must be changing to maintain a strategic distance from foolishness, the second importance could be added to suit the circumstances and exacting run still help an essential part. 2.4.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages Amongst the benefits of this rule are it regards the expressions of the parliament aside from in constrained circumstances, the brilliant standard gives a break course where there is an issue with utilizing the exacting importance. It permits the judge to pick the most sensible importanc e where there is more than one intending to the words in the Act or Statute. Among the disadvantages are here are no genuine rules in the matter of when it could be utilized. What appears to be silly to one judge may not be to an alternate this implies a cases conclusion is settled on the judge, instead of the law. 2.4.3 Mischief Rule This third govern gives a judge more attentiveness than either the exacting or the brilliant guideline. This tenet obliges the court to look to what the law was before the statute was passed with a specific end goal to run across what crevice or underhandedness the statute was planned to blanket. The court is then needed to translate the statute in such an approach to guarantee, to the point that the hole is secured. 2.4.3.1 Malaysian Case In Hong Leong Equipment v Liew Food Chuan, the elucidation of area 30(3) of the Industrial Relations Act 1967 presents upon the Minister of Labor the prudence whether to allude a modern debate to the Ind ustrial Court. The principle judges Gopal Sri Ram permit the legal audit on the grounds that the Minister settled on a choice in a legitimate sense. The judge had analyzed the position at basic law and the authoritative history of the Act approached taken by the Heydons case. However the disservice of Mischief standard is Parliament not predict the issue later on. 2.4.3.2 UK Case A sample of the utilization of the naughtiness standard is found on account of Corkery v Carpenter (1951). In 1951 Shane Corkery was sentenced to one months detainment for being tipsy responsible for a bike openly. At something like 2.45 p.m. on 18 January 1950, the litigant was smashed and was pushing his pedal bike along Broad Street in Ilfracombe. He was in this way charged under area 12 of the Licensing Act 1872 with being smashed responsible for a carriage. The 1872 Act made no real reference to bikes. The reason for the Act was to keep individuals from utilizing any manifestation of transport on an open parkway whilst in a state of inebriation. 2.4.3.3 Advantages and Disadvantages The Mischief Rule has both benefits and shortcomings. Among the advantages are it serves to keep away from absurd and unfair results. Besides that, it pushes adaptability in the law. It also permits judges to put into impact the cure Parliament decided to cure. Moreover, it takes a gander at the hole in the past law. The case also looks for closest to the purposive approach. Amidst the weaknesses, judges can re-compose statue law which just parliament is allowed to do. It does not maintain Parliamentary matchless quality. This rule also allows the fiendishness must be found before it could be helped. Judges can bring their biases. It makes a wrongdoing after the occasion. 3.0 Conclusion Numerous pundits are of the view that there are no unbending principles to statutory interpretation however a mixture of methodologies which judges utilizes as a part of landing at choices. There seem, by all accounts, to be the breakdown of the exacting, the brilliant and underhandedness guideline into one. To land at fitting implications of words in a statute the judge may take a gander at word references, the definition segment of the Act and past cases settled on the significance of comparable words. Today it is more valuable that the importance of words utilized within any demonstration must be found by perusing the entire of the Act being referred to. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Various Methods of Statuatory Interpretation Example For Free" essay for you Create order

Current Childhood Obesity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2690 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Obesity Essay Obesity Essay Did you like this example? Childhood Obesity Obesity is defined as having excess body fat and body mass index (BMI) is a widely accepted screening tool to measure obesity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018). BMI is an individuals weight in kilograms divided by the square of an individuals height in meters (CDC, 2018). The BMI method is only moderately related to direct measures of body fatness but is the chosen method to measure body fat due to its low cost (CDC, 2018). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Current Childhood Obesity" essay for you Create order The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended that health professionals use BMI percentile when measuring individuals age 2 to 20 years CDC, 2018). A child or young adults BMI at or above the 85th percentile and less than the 95th percentile is considered overweight and a BMI at or above the 95th percentile is considered obese (CDC, 2018). The CDC (2018) reported that 1 in 5 school age children (6 19 years) had a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for individuals their age and sex, classifying them as obese. Causes of obesity include: genetics, metabolism, community and neighborhood design and safety, short sleep duration, eating and physical activity behaviors (CDC, 2018). Possible immediate effects of childhood obesity include: higher risk for other chronic conditions and diseases that influence physical health (asthma, sleep apnea, bone and joint problems, type 2 diabetes, and risk factors for heart disease), bullying and teasing, social isolation, depression, and lower self-esteem (CDC, 2018). Possible long-term effects of childhood obesity include: increased likelihood of being obese as an adult, developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and many types of cancers (CDC, 2018). Current Childhood Obesity Prevention Recommendations The CDC (2018) recommended that multicomponent school-based interventions that addressed nutrition and physical activity, involving parents, caregivers, and other community members were the most effective and should be implemented to combat childhood obesity. The CDC (2018) applied its The Whole School Whole Community Whole Child (WSCC) model to the schools it is partnered with. The WSCC model is student-centered and emphasizes the role of the community in supporting the school and the importance of evidence-based policies and practices (2018). Healthy schools promote: healthier nutrition options and education, physical activity programs and physical education, training on management of chronic conditions, instillation of life-long healthy habits and health literacy, and improved school health services and links to clinical and community resources (CDC, 2018). Literature Review A recent study published by a team of CDC researchers consisting of Kenney, Wintner, Lee, Austin (2017) reported that slightly less than half of the 247 schools included in their survey offered any obesity prevention program. Only 6% reported using a preexisting program and 2% reported using a program with evidence for effectiveness (Kenney et al., 2017). Survey respondents widely reported lack of funding, training, and time as barriers to implementation (Kenney et al., 2017). The CDC (2017) urged health professionals and researchers to focus on improving support for schools to implement evidence-based obesity prevention programs. A literature search was conducted via various databases including The Cochrane Library, ProQuest, CINAHL, The National Center for Biotechnology Information, Google Scholar, and other resources (federal government websites) for articles examining barriers of childhood obesity intervention. Key words used in the search included: childhood obesity, barriers, school-based, parental, and health care providers. The articles were examined for common themes of barriers. Ultimately, the final classification of barriers were: home/parental, environmental, health care, and school. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the perceived barriers impeding the implementation of multidisciplinary childhood obesity prevention interventions. It is pivotal to identify the barriers halting implementation of evidence-based multidisciplinary childhood obesity prevention programs in order to understand how to best address the perceived barriers to promote health and wellness. Behavior Management Lack of knowledge in behavior management techniques is a limiting factor to childhood obesity management at home (Sonneville, La Pelle, Taveras, Gillman, Prosser, 2009; Staiano et al., 2017; Vittrupp McClure, 2018). Staiano et al. (2017) stated that parents in their study reported using food incentives to promote healthy behaviors in their children. However, they also reported that their children preferred unhealthy foods, making this a counterproductive technique (Staiano et al., 2017). Rankin et al. (2016) stated that the onset of psychological symptoms is more prevalent in children with obesity. Psychological comorbidities such as anxiety, stress, attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, and eating disorders complicated obesity behavior management at home (Staiano et al., 2017). Sonneville et al. (2009) stated that inter-family consistency with the enforcement of behavior management was a barrier. Sonneville et al. (2009) stated that inconsistency occurred with children of divorce or when the children stayed with relatives such as grandparents. Parity among family members was also a reported barrier (Sonneville et al., 2009). Parents reported feeling that it was unfair to eat unhealthy foods themselves or allow their other children to do so but limit their children with obesity from eating it (Sonneville et al., 2009). Issues with authority were reported as being a cause for the childrens lack of motivation, especially if the person was overweight themselves or did not participate in the healthy behavior that was being enforced (Staiano et al., 2017). This may be especially problematic as The CDC (2018) reported that between the years 2015 â€Å" 2016 there were approximately 93.3 million obese adults in The United States of America (USA), accounting for 39.8% of the total adult population. A child with one obese parent has a 50% chance of being obese (University of California San Francisco [UCSF], n.d.). Whereas a child of two obese parents has an 80% chance of being obese (UCSF, n.d.). Social/Personal Factors Parents reported lack of time, for both themselves and their children, as the main barrier to obesity management at home (Sonneville et al., 2009; Staiano et al., 2017; Vittrupp McClure, 2018). Parental work schedules were a reported cause of both lack of time and in turn inability to adequately monitor behaviors (Rodr? ­guez-Ventura, Pelaez-Ballestas, Smano-Smano, Jimenez-Gutierrez, Aguilar-Salinas, 2014; Staiano et al., 2017). Cost of healthy food options was another commonly reported barrier (Sonneville et al., 2009; Staiano et al., 2017; Vittrup McClure, 2018). A study conducted by Harvard School of Public Health (2013) found that it costs approximately $1.50 more per day to eat healthy foods than it does to eat unhealthy foods. Lack of Knowledge Accurate parental weight status perception was a barrier discovered (Rodr ­guez-Ventura et al., 2014; Vittrup McClure, 2018). Vittrup and McClure (2018) stated that of the 205 parents studied, all of the parents of overweight children and 75% of the parents of obese children incorrectly assumed that their child was not overweight. Rodr ­guez-Ventura et al. (2014) stated that parents in their study failed to recognize obesity in their children: instead they sought medical attention for acanthosis nigricans, hypertension, asthma, or other health conditions but not for the weight of their children. Rodr ­guez-Ventura et al. (2014) also stated that the Latin American participants in their study thought children should eat in abundance to match the rate at which they were growing and that being heavy indicates their growth needs are being met. This is a commonly observed way of thinking in Latin American cultures (Lindsay, Sussner, Greaney, Peterson, 2011). Parents also reported being unsure of appropriate portion sizes and physical activity recommendations (Rodr ­guez-Ventura et al., 2014; Vittrup McClure, 2018). Parents reported the well-known health risks associated with obesity including diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease but failed to acknowledge risks such as mental health issues (Rodr ­guez-Ventura et al., 2014; Vittrup McClure, 2018). Rodr ­guez-Ventura et al. (2014) reported the lack of parental knowledge regarding associated health risks was due to a lack of explanation from providers or educators in the past. Personal Barriers Each childs individual taste preferences were reported to be a barrier (Rodr ­guez-Ventura et al., 2014; Sonneville et al., 2009; Vittrup McClure, 2018). Childrens dislike of fruits and vegetables was reported (Rodr ­guez-Ventura et al., 2014; Sonneville et al., 2009; Vittrup McClure, 2018). Dislike of fruits and vegetables may be attributed to its unattractive presentation and/or time it takes to prepare (Bren, 2016). Adolescents stated that they would be more likely to choose fruits and vegetables if they were more convenient (Bren, 2016). Preparing vegetables to be convenient and ready on the go may decrease childrens dislike (Bren, 2016). While true taste preference is a barrier in some cases, convenience may be the root cause of taste preference against fruits and vegetables (Bren, 2016). Access to Healthy Foods The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) research team of Ver Ploeg et al. (2012) utilized population data from the 2010 Census, current income and vehicle availability data, and a directory of supermarkets to estimate American citizens access to healthy foods. Ver Ploeg et al. (2012) reported that 9.7% of Americans live in low-income areas (1/2 kilometer-square grids where more than 40% of the population has income at or below 200% of federal poverty thresholds) that are more than one mile from a supermarket. However, only 1.8% of all Americans live more than one mile from a supermarket and do not have a vehicle. Ver Ploeg et al. (2012) stated that estimated distance to the three nearest supermarkets is an indicator of the food choices available and the level of competition among stores. Approximately half of the U.S. population lives within two miles of three supermarkets (Ver Ploeg et al., 2012). Access to healthy foods is of particular concern in rural communities (Ver Ploeg et al., 2012). The U.S. Census Bureau (2018) defined urban areas as having a population of 50,000 people and defined urban clusters as having at least 2,500 people but less than 50,000 people. Therefore, all remaining populations that are not in the urban category are deemed rural (United States Census Bureau, 2018). Due to the higher number of perceived barriers, the prevalence of obesity is higher in rural communities than it is in urban communities (Bren, 2016). Bren (2016) stated that rural adolescents reported taste, convenience, quickness, craving, and appearance as food choice influencers. Limited access to supermarkets undermined by readily available access to convenience stores constituted for the rural adolescents food choice trends (Bren, 2016). Rural adolescents preferred the already prepared warm food options that the convenience stores offered (Bren, 2016). Outdoor Safety / Opportunities Although the CDC (2018) stated that neighborhood design and safety is a contributing factor to the development of childhood obesity, no significant association has been found between parent perceived safety to play outside and childhood obesity risk (An, Yang, Hoschke, Xue, Wang, 2017; Datar, Nicosia, Shier, 2013). However, living in unsafe neighborhoods constituted for a trivial, yet statistically significant increase in body mass index, but no change in childhood obesity risk (An et al., 2017). Interestingly, despite a lack of danger, rural adolescents demonstrated decreased outdoor activity (Bren, 2016). Lack of outdoor physical activity opportunities may constitute for this decrease (Bren, 2016). Provider-Level Barriers Essig (2002) stated that a study of pediatric health care providers, which consisted of 202 pediatricians, 293 pediatric nurse practitioners and 444 dietitians found that the providers were in strong agreement that childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that requires medical treatment but more provider training is needed. The participants identified specific areas for further training inclusive of behavior management strategies, improving parenting techniques, and mediating family conflicts (Essig, 2002). Staiano et al (2017) also reported that trained medical providers and teachers often lack the understanding of how to screen for and access childhood obesity and the importance of regular monitoring of behaviors. A mixed methods study conducted by Rhee, Kessl, Lindback, Littman, and El-Kareh (2018) also found that healthcare providers recognized the importance of addressing childhood obesity but lacked the proper resources and training needed to do so. The most commonly reported provider-level issues were lack of knowledge and confidence, particularly around effective means of communication (Rhee et al., 2018). Providers reported not feeling comfortable delivering weight management advice and feared that they may offend the parents (Rhee et al., 2018). Practice-based/Systems Barriers Rhee et al. (2018) found that the most commonly reported practice-based/systems barriers were lack of time, poor training, and lack of resources in both the office and community. Providers reported lack of knowledge regarding existing treatments and where to refer their patients (Rhee et al., 2018). Providers expressed interest in having a clinical educator or nutritionist to help deliver an obesity management multidisciplinary approach in the primary care setting (Rhee et al., 2018). The need for a referral coordinator for treatment administered outside of the primary care setting was expressed (Rhee et al., 2018). Providers expressed the need for clear obesity management guidelines to abide by (Rhee et al., 2018). Suggested guidelines included what labs to order, what referrals to make, and follow up procedures (Rhee et al., 2018). The availability of evidence-based handouts, links to online resources, and a directory of community resources is needed by providers within their practice setting (Rhee et al., 2018). Pre-made documentation templates were also suggested to decrease the time spent on documentation (Rhee et al., 2018). Policy Environment In order to receive federal reimbursements, school meal programs must offer reimbursable meals that meet federal nutrition standards (School Nutrition Association [SNA], n.d.). In 2010 The USDA updated its nutrition requirements for the first time in 15 years (SNA, n.d.). The updated regulations required schools to offer more fruit, vegetables, and whole grains and limit sodium, calories, and unhealthy fat in every school meal (SNA, n.d.). The USDA also regulates food items sold separate from school meals to meet nutrition standards (SNA, n.d.). These food items include entrees, sides, snacks, or drinks sold during the school day in vending machines, snack bars, and a la carte lines (SNA, n.d.). Despite these regulations, limitations exist. The USDA nutrition standards do not apply to food and beverages brought from home or sold during non-school hours, weekends, or at off-campus events including concessions during sporting events, otherwise known as competitive foods (SNA, n.d.). As a result of these limitations, nutrition programming in schools is a poorly coordinated effort (Totura, Figueroa, Wharton, Marsiglia, 2015). Limited opportunity to communicate amongst stakeholders which include food service staff, health educators, and teachers was found to lead to poorly coordinated school-wide nutrition programming (Totura et al., 2015). Tolerating competitive food to be sold via fundraisers or brought in from home are examples of specific factors that are contributing to this lack of school-wide coordination (Patel, 2012). These tolerated practices inherently cultivate fear of negative repercussions of potentially legislating competitive foods (Dodson et al., 2009). Physical education (PE) is a kindergarten through twelfth grade (K-12) academic subject that provides standards-based curricula and instruction (CDC, 2018). Currently the CDC (2018) estimated that approximately 76.5% of K â€Å" 12 schools required some form of PE and that only 3.7% of these K â€Å" 12 schools actually required daily PE or its equivalent. Of the K â€Å" 12 schools that required some form of PE: 76% allowed students to be exempted from PE requirements for one grading period or longer (CDC, 2018). 68% allowed students to be excused from one or more PE class periods for additional instructional time, remedial work, or test preparation for other subjects (CDC, 2018). 66% prohibited staff from excluding students from all or part of PE to punish them for bad behavior or failure to complete class work in another class (CDC, 2018). The above statistics suggest that there appears to be a higher value placed on academic achievement and standardized testing versus health among schools nationwide (Langford, Bonell, Jones, Campbell, 2015; Story, n.d.). Limited Resources Lack of resources, particularly PE resources, was a recurrently reported barrier amongst school administrators and teachers (Byrd-Williams et al., 2017). Langford et al. (2015) also reported issues with lack of volunteers and food guidelines not being followed were barriers schools encountered. Further resource limitations included competition from other school priorities, lack of time, and financial strains (Kenney, Wintner, Lee, Austin, 2017; Quelly, 2015; Turner et al., 2013). Acceptability Overall, school administrators and staff support the implementation of school-based childhood obesity prevention interventions (Langford et al., 2015; Turner, Slater, Chaloupka, 2013). Turner et al. (2015) reported that of the 1,070 public schools and 400 private schools in their study, only one-third of administrators agreed that parents were interested in improving nutrition and physical activity practices. Langford et al. (2015) found that the involving families was a challenging aspect of school-based intervention in which illustrates the opportunity for collaboration between families and schools. Kubik and Lee (2014) stated that minority (non-white) parents, parents that were concerned about their childs weight, and parents whose child was a girl were found to be the most interested in school-based intervention. Berger-Jenks et al. (2016) concluded that caregiver involvement at home may be fostered by transmitting information through children, addressing cultural barriers, and avoiding potentially stigmatizing approaches to delivering intervention.

Young Enterprise Is A Education Charity Education Essay Free Essays

Introduction Young Enterprise is a instruction charity which delivers an thrilling, ready to hand, hand-on concern experience to immature people. The administration is locally run by voluntaries from the industry and instruction that form the Young Enterprise Boards. This faculty is a existent concern experience non a concern game. We will write a custom essay sample on Young Enterprise Is A Education Charity Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It ‘s been revealed through the Graduate Programme how a corporation maps. This experience provided an sole chance to construct information in all countries of concern with new accomplishments such as working as portion of a squad, leading, act uponing others, edifice relationship, concern planning, fiscal direction and control. Furthermore, taking duty for the actions done, client satisfaction and recognizing the demand for quality. We were divided into groups, the chief intent as a group is to put up a concern program, accomplish coherence and a sense of understanding amongst one another. By making this, it was hoped to achieve a sense of integrity and one which helped the squad to work together closely. This was done in a free province of head so that group members would non waver when desiring to province their sentiment. Less major group ends existed of developing support and trusting within the group of co-workers. Furthermore, deriving cognition and thoughts from other members. One of the first activities which was undertaken to make was to present ourselves to each other and give information about what major accomplishments we have. The procedure of this helped us to derive an penetration into the forces of the group and the features of different persons. Some of the other undertakings included us making new thoughts by promoting assurance, trust and synergism within the group. Furthermore, achieving a mark of deploying members right and encouraging finding within the group. Personal Development accomplishments and experience There are many cardinal accomplishments that this programme provided and gave me as come oning through it. Some of the accomplishments and experiences that I believe that I have obtained from making this Young Enterprise Graduate Programme are listed below: – Team working consisted of taking portion in identifying and holding on the squad ‘s aims. Me as an single agreeing with each squad members undertakings and working efficaciously with others. I did this by back uping them to make the ends for the whole group. Problem work outing where jobs were being identified and analysed. Furthermore, taking solutions and implementing processs suitably. Communication had to be made by me and team members efficaciously to hold on aims and processs. I took portion in meetings, treatments and successfully interacting with clients and co-workers. Furthermore, bring forthing clear concise written work and presentations by utilizing appropriate and profession ICT techniques. Selling and Gross saless accomplishments were earned by making and transporting out a market research program. Then placing client mark groups and developing the appropriate selling attack. Furthermore, I choose the appropriate selling and gross revenues schemes to sell and administer to aim groups. Operationss accomplishments were achieved by keeping systems to run into quality criterions and measuring environmental impact. Besides puting up processs to run into operational marks and developing rating systems. The Finance experience was achieved by me when transporting out a fiscal audit and choosing schemes to better fiscal public presentation. I recorded fiscal information utilizing ICT every bit suitably as possible. Directing and Managing was developed by negociating with others and act uponing the results of the company. By pull offing a complex set of undertakings in an unsure environment and directing persons, squads or undertakings to accomplish agreed marks. Furthermore, pull offing co-workers, concern advisers, stakeholders, clients and constructing effectual relationships. Leadership was a hard accomplishment to accomplish for me because at times it was required to draw the company together in times of crisis and some co-workers did n’t understand why. Furthermore, I encouraged co-workers to accomplish their full potency in the manner they contributed to the company ‘s overall public presentation. Learning was a accomplishment which was achieved throughout this programme from understanding cardinal larning penchants by prosecuting it in much more effectual ways. Furthermore, I improved my ability to larn from everyday of this programme experience. I have besides placing personal acquisition solutions and demands. I believe that throughout this twelvemonth my communicating accomplishments, concern thoughts and protocols were developed and strengthened. My experience was gained in working in a squad based civilization. This was like in a concern administration which involved planning, committedness, administration and flexibleness to accomplish consequences. First I disbelieved about the faculty importance to my degree class and was non precisely fascinated approximately working as portion of a squad. However I was incorrectly after the first twosome of hebdomads I got to cognize my squad members much more. I frequently wonder if I had n’t taken the faculty, I would hold passed the chance of meeting and doing five new strong friends. Some issues which I had were to lodge up for others whenever there was an statement traveling to organize as I thought it would be better to screen it out by speaking non reasoning. As I started to develop my power and accomplishment to publish clear and brief instructions in a considerate mode during meetings and understanding our concern I believed we could go a successful concern. Belbin ‘s theory indicates to me that I am a â€Å" company worker † who is socially oriented, instead than mild sensitive with the ability to react to people and in any given state of affairs. Maslow ‘s hierarchy needs is a theory in psychological science that states people in life. Maslow identified â€Å" A hierarchy needs as one degree becomes reasonably, or partially, pleased the net becomes stronger † [ 1 ] Everybody in the group I got to cognize better and felt more comfy in the supportive environment one time settled down. Team members without fright were motivated as one of the elements of SCHEINIS larning civilization provinces larning to back up squad work, there must be a shared belief that co-operation will be necessary that it will work and besides shared belief that all people can and will larn fiting McGregor ‘s theory. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] Our wise man we met was called ‘Malcolm ‘ he had a concern and one of our group members gave him a call and we arranged a meeting with him. We got the SWOT analysis and thoughts down on what we are looking into to go a concern. After a few more meetings we were told that our wise man could non see us any longer as his concern was at hazard. I set myself a personal end and it was to promote all squad members and take portion in puting ends. Harmonizing to Locke ( 1968 ) ends affect motive [ 1 ] . Challenging but accomplishable ends motivates † persons have basic demands or possible which, when displeased stimulates manners fixed towards fulfillment. I researched and studied as I was committed to larn and accomplishing high-quality Markss. â€Å" Specific ends motivates extra than ill-defined † known group roles as each group members had peculiar functions and responsibility. I developed my interpersonal and communicating accomplishments by e-mailing squad members over the Christmas vacations and complimenting them on the undertakings that all of had done before the vacations even though we had no wise man. Furthermore, we got an electronic mail sing us acquiring a new wise man from one of the Enterprise staff called ‘Andy ‘ . â€Å" Contribution in puting ends is appealing † each member of the group set an single end as to animate and remain on path. â€Å" Significant consequences of earlier period piece is important to motive † When Christmas passed we started to acquire our concern program ready for passing in on the 6th February 2010. We met with Andy and talked things through and what we have so far. It was noticed that we were really far behind through the faculty besides Andy tried to set up a new wise man for our group. If I was in control I would hold got the full group together and divided the parts that needed making together every bit. However as our group was in this meeting with Andy merely three of us were present, two were on their manner and 1 could n’t do it. In this meeting the subdivisions were n’t divided every bit and when asked who would wish to make certain parts some of the group members were n’t at all interested. It eventually came to the decision that everyone had something to make except one member who had no undertaking but to assist other members get at that place undertakings done. Finally, the group held another meeting to inquire this member for aid to complete the undertakings off and manus in our concern study. We met our new wise man she was called ‘Debbie ‘ she helped us understand and cognize what was to be put into a concern study. Time was against us and we merely had less than a hebdomad left to complete the study. I feel one time once more that if the group was managed decently this would hold non happened at all. Luckily we got a hebdomad extension, even though this extension was set still some members were n’t at all bothered. After passing in the study on the 15th February 2010 merely three members came to manus it in. Now we as a concern started to acquire prepared for the presentation. When speaking about presentations two of the members opted out. They did n’t desire to show at all, I felt really angry and thought good this is what you have to accept in a concern. I experienced throughout this faculty the existent experiences and worst of being in a existent life concern. After practising and showing the presentation it was the twenty-four hours to show. The group and I were so amazed after presenting the presentation and besides we were able to answer to the whole inquiries from both the witnesss and the panel of Judgess. I felt our corporate attempt had paid away and was proud of our work. Our classs were given two hebdomads subsequently which was on the 17th March. I noticed that none of my squad members attended merely I did even though I was a few proceedingss tardily for the category. However, I was able to pick up the feedback. I gave the group a text message informing them of the consequences of past public presentations which motivated us all into making the following mission. Maslow theory encourages advice ; I learnt sing past success and can follow the manners once more. Plain rules of actions were received by all members of the group. When a member had a job, there was ever person to speak to and logic of togetherness ran throughout the group. First, the feeling was familiar, unagitated and this helped persons to province their sentiments without holding to concern about being judged by their members. Each member listened to each other and the struggle of thoughts was brought usefully into the unfastened. Decisions were normally reached by an understanding so that everybody or the bulk were pleased by the consequence. At this phase the group was more effectual and cohesive to a big extent. There was an of import growing in the behavior of persons and advancement. One issue which concerned us was when one member seemed to experience demoralized. This state of affairs was understood by the remainder of the group so it was discussed by hence deciding it sing that we had grown from a group of persons and into a group. In the close hereafter It has been truly gratifying making this faculty as rather a batch of it was new. A batch of its qualities and utile accomplishments will be taken off from this faculty and class. As making this class it has given a strong base for the capableness to be able to work entirely. Furthermore, working as portion of a squad and besides holding gained superior contact accomplishments. After finishing this faculty I have become extremely motivated and have become a originative person. Furthermore, I am a gifted and active individual with necessary practical and theoretical formal cognition in Engineering. I am able to convey a record of teamwork and leading, and strong analytical accomplishments which will enable me to execute magnificently in the concern universe. I have refined my analytical, communicating and job resolution accomplishments both inside and outside the academic environment. My recent experience has taught me the importance of working with a item orientated attack and made me accustomed to bring forthing consequences while working under force per unit area. This faculty has helped fix me for interviews as the group presentation was 30 % of the faculty. Showing in forepart of audience and expecting designated inquiries. I will be utilizing this chance as a practise for a summer arrangement. From the group presentation I have gained, commercial consciousness, penetration of the field and self assurance. It helped in developing my accomplishments on package tools as I took the function of seting slides on PowerPoint. The construction and layout of presentation was formal accurate, elaborate and valuable. I surely could non hold done this wholly on my ain as an person. Boots The Chemist Company uses cross- functional squads to work on jobs stuck in the conventional administration. A endowment wins games, but teamwork and intelligence win title. The effectivity of squad work was surprising. I am more cognizant of consistence, truth meeting marks and deadlines in concern universe. I will wish to set all the accomplishments and cognition acquired into practise. When I complete my grade I am believing of traveling into the concern facet of telecommunication technology which is decidedly an option for me. I could work in gross revenues or in the selling sector. Am interested in making a postgraduate grade such as Masters in Business Administration ( MBA ) this will edify me more and I will hold the makings required. The work of ‘McMclland ‘s acquired need theory ( 1985 ) ‘ proposed that some of import demands are non inherited but are learned. Team work is the cardinal component to success in a concern universe. Overall the Young Enterprise graduates programme has enabled me to be a end orientated single. It has given me a clear vision of future aims, ability to listen and use effectual communicating accomplishments. It helped me as an technology pupil to develop positive attitudes and accomplishments necessary for personal success, practical accomplishments, employability and womb-to-tomb acquisition. It encouraged me as an person in deriving an understanding the potency of future employer besides sing self-employment and concern creative activity as possible future calling options. I am good at making invention solution to accomplish ends. There is a great trade of accent on ego directed acquisition in the faculty. This faculty has been a great experience as I have enjoyed the undertakings developed accomplishments for the universe of work. How to cite Young Enterprise Is A Education Charity Education Essay, Essay examples

Service Systems Food And Beverage Management Free Solution

Questions: 1. Discuss the various types of service systems food and beverage outlets? 2. Analysis of Purchasing process? Answers: 1. Types of service systems food and beverage outlets: Self operated: In this type the operation is been done by the owner itself. This could be a small, large or a franchised situation also. Franchisee agreement: In this the franchisee pays fees to the franchisor in return of right to use the building, business methods and name of the franchisor. Outsourcing: Starbucks is a coffee chain which is outsourced where the hotel undergoes a partnership with a restaurant . Silver Service: This type of service is generally for five star hotels which includes a proper plating of food with soup, main course and sweet dish in proper silver sterlings. English Service: it is also referred to as Host Service. In this food is brought and been served by the waiter and the host have to approve its quality over preference (Slideshare.net, 2012). Gueridon Service: In this type of service a complete meal is cooked in a moving trolley and the meal is cooked in the tableside of a kitchen. French Service: It is a type of personalized service where food is brought from the kitchen in dishes and salvars and been kept on table itself . (Pantelidis, 2013) 2: Analysis of Purchasing process When we think of purchasing any product or service we should first identify our own needs that can give us satisfaction. It should match to our budget set and quality of service should be high. Often we go for durable products with longitivity (Purchasinginsight.com, 2015). We also must see what equipments we require. Example for making tea we need a kettle, tea bags and sugar. References Pantelidis, I. (2013). Food and Beverage Management.Tourism Management,34, 249-250. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2012.06.004 Purchasinginsight.com,. (2015).Purchasing Process. Retrieved 13 February 2015, from https://purchasinginsight.com/resources/the-purchasing-process Slideshare.net,. (2012).FOOD BEVERAGE MANAGEMENT. Retrieved 13 February 2015, from https://www.slideshare.net/Lawiex21/food-beverage-management

The Lady and Her Five Suitors free essay sample

The importance of obtaining a high efficiency rating by the school, its faculty and students has compromised the principles of most of its administrators. It not only affects the efficiency of the schools and their faculty but it also contributes to the decline in the actual performance of students. The story also shows how the activity can be turned into an opportunity to punish insubordination by assigning the most problematic and difficult tasks to the most â€Å"not-liked† teachers and students. The story also exposes the Filipino’s mentality towards competition. Sometimes one’s pursuit for personal and professional growth can be mistaken a threat to another man’s job or authority. More likely, it would be interpreted as â€Å"showing-off†. Unfortunately, the conflict between different interests not only affects those involved but usually extends to all the faculty, which in turn causes polarization in the workplace. A visitation announced a month in advance defeats the purpose for such an activity, as was clearly shown in the story. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lady and Her Five Suitors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It gives the school administrators the opportunity to prepare and hide the infirmities of their respective schools. The results are usually not reflective of the true status and situation of the schools because only the good things are highlighted while the bad things are hidden. Sometimes overnight makeovers are resorted to so that there will be the appearance of compliance with the educational standards. The whole activity boils down to making an impression and satisfying a group of assessors, who are treated like gods by flattery and gift-giving. The irony of this is that the death of idealism starts from the school, which is supposed to be its cradle. Students are exposed to the practice of conformism and favor-currying by their teachers. The school is supposed to protect the students from such corrupt practices. Due to this kind of bureaucratic practice in the public schools, the standard of education is lowered. The true progress of our educational system can not be assessed. Teachers are not promoted based on efficiency, competence, professionalism and other criterion used in the merit system. The story is a microcosm of the corruption existing in our country. Apparently, corruption is already in the grass roots. It would seem that the only way a person can climb the bureaucratic ladder is to allow himself to be eaten by the system. Good people in the government are usually punished for doing their jobs, while bad people are rewarded for doing things other than their jobs. Indirectly, the story shows the direct proportionality between success in the government and the ability of one to compromise his principles, values and character. The more one compromises his principles, values and character, the more likely he will succeed. Justice is indeed hard to find in the Philippines. Those who sacrifice and dedicate their lives for the good of the country usually end up getting nothing and having nothing. In the end, it’s always the children who will suffer. They are the ones who will taste the products of the mistakes of their fathers. Ironic though because fathers usually resort to these malpractices to ensure a good future for their children. ?

BUSI2093 Unit1 Problems LM Essay

BUSI2093 Unit1 Problems LM Essay BUSI2093 Unit1 Problems LM Essay BUSI2093 - Introduction Managerial Finance Chapter 14, Problem 9 Financial Ratios - Liquidity Required Data Current Assets Current Liabilities Inventories Cash $ $ $ $ 2011 1,630,200 1,857,200 587,500 191,000 $ $ $ $ 2010 1,504,700 1,787,700 563,600 188,900 Current Ratio: Current Ratio = current assets / current liabilities Current Ratio = 0.8778 0.8417 $ $ $ $ Change 125,500 69,500 23,900 2,100 0.0361 Quick Ratio: Quick Ratio = (current assets - inventories) / current liabilities Quick Ratio = 0.5614 0.5264 0.0350 Cash Ratio: Cash Ratio = cash / current liabilities Cash Ratio = 0.1028 0.1057 -0.0028 Liquidity ratios measure a company's ability to meet its short term obligations in a timely fashion (Brooks 2013; pg 429) The current, quick and cash ratios have resulted in a number less than 1, meaning that the current assets are not enough to cover the company's current liabilities. This can be an issue should the creditors demand repayment all at once. The year over year change of these two ratio's have slightly improved, however to investors these results would still be concerning. References Brooks, Raymond M. (2013). Financial management: Core concepts, (2nd ed). NJ: Prentice Hall BUSI2093 - Introduction Managerial Finance Chapter 14, Problem 10 Financial Ratios - Financial Leverage Financial leverage ratios measure a company's ability to meet its long-term debt obligations. It helps answer the question, Can normal operations cover the interest expense from debt, or will additional capital be needed to satisfy the debt obligation? . (Brooks 2013; pg 431) Required Data Total Assets Total Liabilities Total Equity EBIT Interest Expense Depreciation $ $ $ $ $ $ 2011 14,689,400 11,977,700 2,711,700 3,199,300 375,000 1,498,980 $ $ $ $ $ $ 2010 14,119,500 11,067,200 3,052,300 2,979,700 356,100 1,473,240 Debt Ratio: Debt Ratio = total liabilities / total assets Debt Ratio = 0.8154 0.7838 Change $ 569,900 $ 910,500 -$ 340,600 $ 219,600 $ 18,900 $ 25,740 0.0316 In 2011, for every dollar of assets, the Tyler Toys owes $0.82, vs. only $0.78 a year ago. An increase in this ratio could be looked at negatively by the managers and shareholders. One would need to look at the reason for the increase in debt from a year ago to see if it is justified. For instance was the increased debt due to long term financing for an expansion of the business or due to increased purchase of inventory that isn't selling? Times Interest Earned Ratio: Times Interest Earned Ratio = EBIT / interest expense = 8.5315 8.3676 0.1639 In 2011, Tyler Toys EBIT could cover its interest obligation 8.5 times which was slightly better than the year before at 8.4 times. The year over year change wouldn't signal any concern with management and the shareholders, however should be compared against the companys' aspirations to ensure it is aligned with meeting its strategies. Cash Coverage Ratio: Cash Coverage Ratio = (EBIT + depreciation) / interest expense) = 12.5287 12.5047 0.0240 In 2011, Tyler Toys can generate cash from its normal operations 12.5 times which roughly constant from the year before. Whether this is good or bad will depend on the strategy of the company. From a shareholder perspective I would want to see the company using its cash to expand or grow its EBIT. References Brooks, Raymond M. (2013). Financial management: Core concepts, (2nd ed). NJ: Prentice Hall BUSI2093 - Introduction Managerial Finance Chapter 14, Problem 11 Financial Ratios - Asset Management Asset management ratios measures how efficient a compan y uses its assets to generate revenue or how much cash is tied up in assets like inventory or receivables. (Brooks 2013; pg 432) Required Data Total Assets COGS Inventory Sales Accounts Receivable 2011 2010 Change $ 14,689,400 $ 14,119,500 $ 569,900 $ 8,449,100 $ 8,131,300 $ 317,800 $ 587,500 $ 563,600 $ 23,900 $ 14,146,700 $ 13,566,400 $ 580,300 $ 669,400 $ 630,400 $ 39,000 Inventory Turnover: Inventory Turnover =

Humanitarian intervention and International law Essay

Humanitarian intervention and International law - Essay Example humanitarian intervention because while forming the international law, it could not foresee every situation and intervention on humanitarian grounds has become imperative owing to evil regimes and dictatorships around the world, especially in African countries. If accepted, another haunting question arises: is it possible for the institution of humanitarian intervention to justify unauthorised actions? Should powerful States take it upon themselves and judge the situation and take individualistic actions against the erring state? Where will be the end to it? This is a highly intriguing and frustrating situation, especially when genocide is going on, like that of Rwanda’s. But it is difficult to justify the war over Iraq, even though United Kingdom and United States tried hard to wrap it up in various colour package, saying that it was imperative because of human rights violation, dictatorship, establishing democracy, better the lives of Iraqis etc. and this theory has found no takers. The genocide that happened in Rwanda will go down in history as one of the worst of its kind and the question still remains as to how the international community can stop this horrendous killing from continuing further or happening somewhere else. The United Nations and its Security Council has a ‘responsibility to protect’ the innocent people all around the world, irrespective of their nationality, race and creed. Some international law makers argue that Security Council should be given more power to intervene; but if given, could that power be mismanaged and misused by the powerful few? These questions had been haunting the world leaders for a long time now. How to empower a humanitarian intervention under impossibly difficult situations? Is it possible for the world body to handle such a situation, without getting influenced by super powers? Sovereignty of the country should not be violated by another country, even though it has violated human rights, according to rights

Case Analysis Report Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis Report - Case Study Example They are situations that are merely beyond control of the organization. First, there were technical problems caused by weather conditions and malfunctioning of the parts manufactured by the contractors. At the time of different scheduled launches, there existed poor atmospheres that could not allow spacecrafts to operate. As a result, there was an adjournment at various dates. On the other hand, the parts that were manufactured by Thiokol were an ineffective and an exposed danger to human beings. Thus, there was need to correct them before NASA could operate as a result hindered NASA operations and reduced confidence from the stakeholders. NASA experienced economic shortage in finance due to reduced funding from the Congress. The country was embroiled in war with the Vietnamese, hence had reduced their support to the organization. Thus, they could not work as per their specifications and had to revert to more cost effective ways. This limited their goals and could not make effective decision on their own since there was a control from the government sect. Due to these inefficiencies, it meant that the organization could not achieve its objectives and had to be rational enough if they were to succeed. They had to prolong maturity dates of the project, abandon the most sophisticated space crafts and manufacture according to budget. The management also had to spread work as they did in the three branches to allow for more consultations and smooth workflow. Roger Bosjoloy was an expert in the solid rocket booster at the Morton Thiokol. He was charged to oversee an efficient manufacture of the O-ring rocket parts. The unit he led played a significant part in the launch of the challenger however much they experience technical problems. He was however in support of the launch of the challenger regardless of the problems he knew existed. To persuade

Critical Analysis on the Context of Multi-agency Team Work

This essay will focus upon a critical incident analysis in the context of multi-agency team work and inter-professional working. The details of the incident will be drawn from the authors recent experience with the Community Housing Support Team, in particular from Care Programme Approach meetings. The names of both clients and staff, as well as details pertaining to their locale have been changed or omitted to comply with the UKCC†s Code of Professional Conduct, Clause 10, (UKCC, 1992). The situation used within this assignment is based upon two clients who co-habit in a first floor maisonette as common law husband and wife. Mr Client has a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia which is controlled with xenobiotics and is the main carer for Mrs Client who has a diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia also controlled by xenobiotics that are administered by Mr Client. Mrs Client also has a prolapse of the uterus which causes her to suffer from double incontinence. Arrangements have been made for Mrs Client to have the required operation to repair the problem, however prior to admission Mrs Client becomes very anxious and has twice refused to have the operation. Both clients have a poor dietary intake, poor personal hygiene, high caffeine intake, and a heavy smoking habit. The conditions that the clients are now living in due to the above being ongoing for some time are now less than satisfactory, and to that end the present situation and what should be done about it, has become the primary focus of the various professionals and agencies involved in care of the clients. Each client has their own keyworker representative from the agencies and professionals involved in their care, these are a community psychiatric nurse (CPN), social worker, and a member of the housing support team (HST). Both the clients have home care workers visiting as part of the social work input, and they also share the same general practitioner (GP), and psychiatric consultant. Housing support team input was on a daily basis with both clients and their role was to assist the clients with shopping and encourage the clients to use leisure facilities and local transport. The housing support team although referred to separately within this essay are officially part of the social work team, as this is the source of their funding. The social work keyworkers roles were to visit the clients on a regular basis and to assist with benefits, finances etc, as well as assisting the clients in conjunction with the rest of the care team if a crisis arose. The social work department had also arranged for home help to visit on a regular basis to assist with housework and hygiene. The clients community psychiatric nurse†s role was to monitor medication and mental state. These are the defined roles as the author understands them, however the care team as a whole interchanges, shares, or crosses over roles as a matter of course throughout the care deployment. In order to properly analyse the inter-professional working of the clients care team, it is important to collate the differing aims of each profession involved. Mr and Mrs Client†s keyworkers from the housing support team were of the opinion that the client†s accommodation had reached the stage where it was posing a health risk for both the clients and other residents in the building. Because the housing support team had daily input with both clients they were also able to pick up on various other aspects of care that appeared to require revaluation, such as medication and mental state, and had encountered such an issue with Mr Client giving Mrs Client the incorrect dosage of medication. Taking into account the issues raised the housing support team felt that they were maintaining a poor quality of life for the clients, and that alternative sheltered accommodation, and care approach should be discussed as this was unacceptable. The social work keyworkers in addition to their normal visits had arrangements for further visits outside of the care plan agreement as there was a recognised need for more intense support at this time. It was felt that placement in a nursing home as a couple with continuing input from the housing support team and community psychiatric nurse, would improve the clients quality of life. The clients general practitioner and consultant had made a referral to residential services. Both clients community psychiatric nurse felt that the clients mental state did not warrant an admission into hospital, however further arrangements should be made regarding medication and accommodation. These various agencies and professionals come together, in this case every six months, to partake in a care programme approach meeting (CPA). The care programme approach was first considered in nineteen eighty-nine then again in nineteen ninety in a Department of Health circular, before being implemented in nineteen ninety-one as an official guideline. However inter-collaborative working has been an aim of government policy in mental health services since the nineteen seventies, (COUCHMAN, 1995). Its target group being psychiatric clients in hospital, community or other specialised mental health service. The aim of the guidelines were to encourage greater efficiency and co-operation between the various agencies and professionals involved in the care of a client or clients. This was to be done by systematically assessing all the clients needs and the agency or profession that could best meet those needs, the appointment of a keyworker from one of the agencies or professions involved, to reach agreement between the carers involved and the client, and then to implement, monitor and set regular review dates, (COWART & SEROW, 1992), In addition to the care plan approach meetings there is almost daily interaction between the agencies and professions involved. In addition to this there are meetings within each individual agency or profession, usually on a weekly basis, concerning the most appropriate delivery of care within the role of the individual agency or profession. The diagram in Appendix A shows the ways that clients enter the psychiatric services, and where inter-professional collaboration happens, it also shows that this care team is a hybrid parallel pathway team. Efficient inter-professional collaboration exists only where there is good group dynamics and working relationships, both within the care team and within the government who†s laws and guidelines that care team follows. However when reviewing the history of British social policy it is easy to become pessimistic, Webb, (1991) points out, â€Å"exhortations to organisations, professionals and other producer interests to work together more closely and effectively litter the policy landscape, yet the reality is all to often a jumble of services fractionalised by professional, cultural and organisational boundaries and by tiers of governance†. In order to overcome these problems they must first be identified and then strategies devised to overcome them. Whilst in the community with the housing support team the author observed that the main problem or cause of problems was communication, whilst ironically, most if not all of the problems encountered could have been avoided or solved more efficiently with effective communication. However the author feels this may be viewed by many as an over-generalisation, and so will break this down further into some of the ‘sub† problems. A key difficulty is that working together appears to be the logical way forward, yet it is the authors experience that little consideration is given to the effects of such an activity, (CARLING, 1995). From an agencies or professions point of view collaborative activity raises two main difficulties first it looses its freedom to act independently when it would prefer to maintain control over its domain and affairs. Second, it must invest scarce resources and energy in developing and maintaining relationships with other organisations, when the potential returns on its investment are often unclear or intangible, (HUDSON, 1987). The main sources of conflict within an organisation and inter-professional collaboration are communication, power, goals, values, resources, roles and personalities. As mentioned previous a major source of conflict is the misunderstanding or breakdown of communication. However communication can also be used as a tool for clarifying opposing views. It is the authors observation that most values within an organisation are internalised and are therefore difficult to change, but they can be clarified through communication so as not to become a barrier. This kind of logic is a skill that can only be learnt through the application of common sense and the wisdom of experience, (BILLIS & HARRIS, 1996). Conflict situations often arise suddenly, the author has observed that the more people that attend a meeting or that are involved in a decision regarding care organisation the more potential there is for conflict to occur. Power causes conflict when there are relationships within organisations between individuals of unequal power, the classic example being the doctor/patient relationship, or the nurse and the consultant. This can cause additional conflict where there are differently structured organisations working together as the power differences between individuals then become unclear. For example the power relationship between the community psychiatric nurse and the social worker. Another common cause of conflict is different goals, different methods of reaching those goals, different values, unclear or overlapping designation of responsibilities, lack of information and personality conflicts. It is acknowledged within health care that some conflicts can not be resolved, Mallory, (1981) states that unresolved conflicts need to be managed carefully within any work group in order to balance the level of conflict. Banton, (1985) remarks that the essential point is that conflicts of interest are of fundamental importance in all major areas of life in our society and therefore full consensus is only possible when people are prepared to restrict themselves to the trivial. Conflict in an open environment can be beneficial to the work environment as when handled in a mature and professional manner conflict can lead to creativity, innovation or growth, however if to much energy is expended in non productive activity then conflict becomes destructive. It is the authors opinion that conflict is an inherent part of the nursing and general health care culture, and that psychiatric nurses in the community are prime candidates for this because of the need to work collaboratively with people both professional and non professional of varying social, ethnic and educational backgrounds. Collaboration suggests that the combined power of the agencies or professions is distributed evenly, yet nurses are employed in a hierarchical system. Huber, (1996) suggests that nurses find that working in groups creates a situation in which there are a number of different colleagues and a variety of client types and different personalities to work with, these are complex interrelationships, and added to that complexity is the fact that there are multiple providers requiring co-ordination and communication to manage the care for any client. Within healthcare as a whole there is an interdependence between its members. The multi-disciplinary team breaks down into multiple care providers each relying on the other to carry out a portion of the work. For example a member of the housing support team can not monitor a clients medication if the clients community nurse has not organised the Doset box from the pharmacy. The source of conflict can be organisational, interpersonal or a combination of both. Personal and organisational goals and values may also be in conflict with or over general policies, a general policy being the course of action taken by an institution, department or unit. Policies in the main are meant to soothe conflicts over specific issues, they are designed to give about standard ways to make decisions in recurring situations. However different people within the care team may approach situations with differing viewpoints on how to best deal with certain issues, differences may occur over such things a clerical or managerial routines, or over record keeping and information sharing. Clashes may result at the intersection of a nurses professional judgement as an autonomous professional with standardised policies developed by the institution and designed to produce uniform behaviour, (AJN, 1987). Resource allocation comes under organisation issues and is especially important in the case of Mr and Mrs Client as the general consensus is that sheltered accommodation of some description is required, which inevitably will require funding. Budgeting has caused conflict over scarce resources within organisations. In the case of Mr and Mrs Client the funding for the accommodation should come from the social services department. Power conflicts can be both organisational and interpersonal and result in role conflicts. Role conflicts have been identified as being of two types, role overload and role ambiguity. Role overload is when a carer is expected to perform the work of other employees or disciplines in addition to providing their normal care tasks. Whereas role ambiguity is when the role and responsibilities of the carer expands faster than is officially recognised, (JOHNSON, 1994). To assist in making interprofessional collaboration joint working recommendations such as those stated in Building Bridges, (1996) have been suggested these include commitment on all levels of care approach and delivery, to maintain a primary focus on the service users, jointly owned or shared strategies for care of people with severe mental health problems, agreed procedures for access to services, agreed procedure for information exchange, clarification of roles and responsibilities and regular reviewing of interprofessional dynamics. vretveit, (1997) states that UK policy in the nineteen nineties has asked the question, what is wrong with the service? Rather than what problems need tackling in the outside world. In future it should re-focus on how partnerships between the users of the service, professional workers and managers can be achieved, in other words how can we make an integrated service truly democratic? The solutions to nearly all the crisis encountered by the care team can be or could have been solved or at least minimised through the effective use of communication. It is felt that it would also be important in interprofessional collaboration to have shared values and cultures, while a mismatch along these lines between health and social services has been well documented. (SMITH, 1993). Collaboration is the basis for team building and with the changes to healthcare, work redesign, restructuring and reengineering depend on effective collaboration, co-operation and group accomplishment. Proactive conflict resolution in work groups is the essence of building successful teams which are flexible and adaptable, and have a high degree of trust and communication. Therefore the ingredients for successful interprofessional collaboration may be a common goal, interdependence, co-operation, co-ordination of activities, task specialisation and therefore role clarity, equal division of effort and mutual respect. Team building is defined as being the deliberate process of creating and unifying a group into an effective functioning work unit to accomplish specific goals, (FARLEY & STONER, 1989). In conclusion, collaboration has been called the most effective strategy for managing conflict to achieve long term benefits. However a wide differential in power (both felt and actual), exists between nurses, social workers, and consultants, and this hinders effective collaboration. Therefore with wide differences in power the most commonly used techniques seem to be compromise and accommodation. There are indications however that this is changing as the health service as a whole is and has undergone some major changes with the implementation of the care plan approach, care management and the formation of community teams such as housing support and community support teams, and as a result effective interprofessional collaboration could soon become more commonplace. (BALDOCK, 1974).

The Who

The Who is considered one of the most powerful rock bands of the 21st century. They started their band in London, England. The Who formed in 1964. They sold over 100 million records worldwide. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990. The Who can also be known as The Detours or The High Numbers.Band MembersThe Who developed from an earlier group called The Detours. From there they established their band as a part of the pop art and mod movements. The founding members of The Who were Roger Daltrey, Pete Townshend, John Entwistle and Keith Moon. Daltrey was the lead singer, Townshend was a guitarist and singer, Entwistle was a bass guitarist, and Moon was a drummer. All of the band members grew up around London. Daltrey had a hard time fitting in at school and discovered rock and roll. He founded the Detours in 1959. Townshend's parents were very supportive of him since his dad played the saxophone and his mother had sung the entertainment division during World War II. Just like Townshend, Entwistle also liked rock and roll. He started to play the guitar but since he had large fingers, it was hard for him to play it.Early careerAfter the Detours became the Who, many things changed. Sandom left the band since he wasn't getting along with Townshend. After that, they didn't talk for many years. During a gig at Oldfield, the Who met Keith Moon. Townshend accidentally broke his guitar on stage and he was angered by the audiences laugh. This made him crush the guitar on stage but he picked up another one and continued to play. The next week when the band played again, the audience wanted to see a repeat of what Townshend did. This is how auto-destructive art became part of the Who's live shows.SuccessesThe Who had many successes. Their first single, â€Å"I Can't Explain† reached the UK top ten. Their next single called â€Å"My Generation† was released in October. Although it was originally supposed to be written as a slow blues Entwistle played a bass solo in it. In the end, it turned out to be a very powerful song. The Who's most successful solo release was a Daltrey solo album. Daltrey was a very good singer, but he also found success in acting. The Who also became the first rock and roll act to play Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. Their fourth album, 1969's rock opera Tommy, was a commercial success.Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and AchievementsThe Who was inducted into the hall of fame in 1990. They even have a featured collection in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame museum which includes a drumhead from 1968. The Who also made it into the UK Music Hall of Fame. They had seven of their albums appear on Rolling Stone's 500 greatest albums which were in 2003. That made the Who have more than any other rock and roll band except four. The Beatles, Bob Dylan, the Rolling Stones, and Bruce Springsteen. The Who even held a world record for being the world's loudest rock and roll bands!End of Career and DeathOut of the four founding members of the Who, Moon and Entwistle both died. Moon died in 1978 because of a drug overdose. Townshend, Daltrey, and Entwistle released â€Å"Who Are You† shortly after his death. The song was based on Moon's death. Sadly, Entwistle died 24 years later in 2002. He had a heart attack at Hard Rock Hotel due to cocaine. This made plans for a new album delayed.ConclusionThe Who has changed many lives with their energetic performances. They have influenced many people. They have even influenced the pop-punk band Panic! At the Disco. The Who have continued to play as a band even after 54 years of being together. They have won many awards for their great recordings. The Who are a very talented band that won many awards.

Is the Study of Politics Best Considered a Science or an Art

Is the study of politics best considered a science or an art? Since its conception as a formal academic discipline, Politics has existed on the fault line between two great fields of enquiry, the sciences and the arts. During the mid 20th century, with the rise of the behavioural movement, a general trend towards the â€Å"scientification† of the study of politics could be observed. The origins of this movement can be traced back to the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle and the writings of Auguste Comte in the nineteenth century (Sanders, 2010). However from the 1970s, there emerged a growing dissatisfaction with behaviouralism and a revival of interest in normative questions, as seen in the writings of theorists such as John Rawls and†¦show more content†¦In addition to the difference of purpose between arts and sciences, which we have discussed above, a further distinction is offered by Lasswell (1958) that may be considered by some as somewhat biased: â€Å"The science of politics states conditions; the philosophy of p olitics justifies preferences.† He distinguishes between â€Å"the science of politics† and â€Å"the philosophy of politics† on the same grounds as the fact-value dichotomy of logical positivism. He appears to be implying that political philosophy (which, for the purpose of this essay, would fall under the jurisdiction of art) â€Å"justifies preferences† in the sense that it provides rationalizations for the personal preferences of the theorist of political philosophy (Horwitz, 1962). Science, on the other hand, uses only facts and empirical data as its tools of analysis. This overt process of analysis minimizes the scope for bias by the researcher (Pierce, 2008). Moreover it promises an impartial and reliable means of distinguishing ‘truth’ from ‘falsehood’ and gives us access to objective knowledge about the political world (Heywood, 2002). However the fact/value dichotomy is not as clearly defined as is assumed here. Values a re deeply involved in the identification of facts as well as their description and examination since all political scientists enter research with at least some presumptions about theirShow MoreRelatedThe University Of California University1063 Words   |  5 Pagesthe late 1860s and opened their newest campus in 2005. Nine campuses enroll undergraduate and graduate students, but the UC San Francisco campus enrolls graduate medical and health science students. 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